Different countries often use different types of wiring. The most common in England is the end ring wiring, which is also abbreviated as «ring» (ring). This principle of wiring provides for the existence of two independent conductors for phase, neutral and ground in the room for each separately connected load or outlet. Let’s consider the types of wiring in more detail.
This circuit allows the use of fairly thin wires during installation, much thinner than with radial wiring. Moreover, their total current strength is the same. The ring works like two radial branches. They function towards each other. The split point will only depend on the distribution of the load in the middle of the ring. If the load is evenly distributed in two directions, then the current strength in each of them will be no less and no more than half of the total strength. This allows the use of a wire that is half the diameter in this type of wiring than in any other. In practice, however, it turns out that the load is not always distributed equally across the two wires, so thicker cables are used..
This type of wiring first appears in the UK between about 1942 and 1947. It is widely distributed in England, but to a much lesser extent in the Republic of Ireland. They also gained popularity in the Commonwealth of Nations at that time, and this is due to the fact that Britain previously had a fairly large influence on a number of these countries. The ring wiring arises as Britain was forced into a massive housing redevelopment program due to World War II. At that time, there was a very acute shortage of copper, so it was necessary to develop a scheme for supplying electricity that would use less of it. The plan stated that the new circuit should be based on 13 amp outlets protected by special fuses. As a result, several projects of plugs and sockets appeared, different from those that were before. After the innovations, only the system with rectangular contacts, the so-called BS 1363, survived. However, the Dormond system & The Smith, dominated by round contacts, was used as early as the 1980s in many cities in the United Kingdom..
